MINEA. TUGCU - HE NEVER GAVE UP ON LEARNING

The renowned Islamic jurisprudence scholar Abu al-Hasan al-Warraq narrates:

"I had visited Abu Rayhan Al-Biruni. He was lying in bed, struggling to breathe, on the verge of death. In that state, he said to me, 'One day you said to me an equantion regarding the calculation of the rights of grandmothers in inheritance, how was it?' 

I felt a little sorry for her and said: 

'Even in this condition, you are still asking me about that?' 

He said: 'Is it better to leave the world knowing about this issue or to leave without knowing it?'

 In response, I explained the matter to him again. He listened, memorized it.

 Then he talked to me about what he was going to do.

 Shortly after, I left. As I moved a little away, I heard loud crying and shouting. I turned around and saw that Abu Rayhan al-Biruni had passed away."

 

 A Universal Genius from Central Asia

Al-Biruni passed away at the age of 75. He became an inspiration for later scientists such as Newton, Toricelli, Copernicus, Galileo. The UNESCO Courier magazine, published in 15 languages including Turkish, dedicated its issue in 1974 to Al-Biruni. Introducing him as a "universal genius who lived in Central Asia thousands of years ago."

ENVER TUGCU- 11TH CENTURY CALLED AS BIRUNI CENTURY

Abu Reyhan al biruni representing the 10th and 11th century Medieval Turkish Islam world is an important figure who devoted his entire life and existence to science

Georges Sarton desciribed as modern science’s father a, named the 11th century as the bırunı century. As a materyal of fact, the world’s leasingi ıslam Science hitorian, Prof. Dr. Fuat Sezgin states that discussions which 27 year old Biruni and 18 year old Ibn Sina questioned such as “ Is the speed of light immeasurable that is la mutanahi, or can it be measured? So it can be measured tıme? , can’t even tane place in today’s Turkey. The words ot these two excellent scientists cleary expresses his place and the importance During the Biruni’s life period.

Ecrin TUGCU-LANDS BEYONDS THE SEA

 700 years before Newton, El-Biruni claimed the first ideas on the theory of gravity, which Newton later mathematically proved. Before to Galileo, who confirmed through his observations with telescopes that planets orbit around the sun, El-Biruni defended the idea of the 'rotation of the Earth' 600 years ago. He answered the question “Why trees and stones do not fly away if the Earth is rotating?” by stating that there was a gravity at the centre and everything falls towards the centre of the Earth. He predicted the existence of land beyond the seas (which is present-day America) and the  fact that the North, the South, the East, and the West met on different points.

ENVER E TUGCU - LAID THE FOUNDATIONS OF ASTRONOMY

Describing the early medieval sciences of India, he explained the foundations of mathematics, astronomy and astrology. He wrote a detailed mathematical geography work with the book El-Kanunü'l-Mesudi. He determined the topography of Central Asia in his book titled İstihrâc el-Evtâr fî Dâire. Kitabü'I Cemahir fi Ma'rifeti gave detailed information about more than 50 minerals, minerals, metals, alloys and porcelain in Cevahir. In his book, he showed the specific gravity of each substance, which helps distinguish substances from each other. He listed the plants he studied throughout his life in his book Kitâbü's-Saydele and explained in detail which diseases natural medicines were good for.

ENVER E TUGCU- DEVELOPED MANY TOOLS AND CALENDAR SYSTEMS

Al-Biruni developed many instruments for astronomy and geography measurements. Unfortunately, many of the measuring instruments he developed were lost over time. Only the pycnometer, mechanical astrolabe and some map projections are the measuring instruments that have survived to this day. Al-Biruni was also a very good encyclopedia writer. In his book titled El-Asar'il-Bakiye an'il-Kuruni'I Haliye, he showed the calendar systems used in the Middle and Near East.

MINEA. TUGCU - FIRST EDUCATION FROM ABU NASR MANSUR

 Due to his briliant intellect that attracted attention at a young age, Al-Biruni grew up under the influnce of the renowned mathematician and astronomer Abu Nasr Mansur b. Ali b. Iraq. Mansur, took care of Al-Biruni's upbringing and a good education. Al-Biruni nentions "my teacher" in his work titled "Al-Asasu'l-Bakiya" referring to Ibn Iraq. Influnced by the Works of Greek philosophers Aristotle, Archimedes, Democritus, Al-Biruni began his sciencfitic studies at the age of 17. He calculated the altitude of the sun and the logitude of the city. He determined the beggining of seasons from the movements of the sun. He accurately calculated the Earth's diametr, coming close to today's accepted value. He became the founder of the separation of trigonometry learned in India as a distinct science from astronomy. He proposed the use of the Radius as a unit in trigonometric functions.

 Intitatin scientific studies from his youth, Al-Biruni faced political and military turmoil in the region of Khwarazm, compeling him to leave his homeland until the age of 22. After residing in the Rey region for a while, he returned to his homeland, took place w works that would elevate him to the pinnacle of the history of science.

ECRIN TUGCU-GENERAL EXPLANATION ABOUT AL BIRUNI

 

Al-Biruni ,who was the Turkish-Islamic scholar shed light on the earth science area with the first exploration and inventions he brought to the earth science area, worked on physics, medicine, math , astronomy, trigonometry, geography, geodesy , pharmacology, geology, philology, religion and created a total of 113 works.

 Abu Reyhan Muhammed b. Ahmed Al-Biruni was born on 3^rd of Zlhicce in 362 according the islamic calendar( on 4^th September, 973 according to the gregorian calendar) in the center of  Khwarezm

Although his death date is not known accurately. 1061 is accepted as the death date of Abu Reyhan Biruni,.Biruni does not provide detailed information about his family ,ancestry lineage or ethnicity in his works.

WHO IS AL BIRUNI?

 

Travelers of Science eTwinning Project Students from Kemalettin Tugcu Secondary School searched about him and explained  his life for you.